How is PCOS diagnosed?

PCOS is diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria: at least two of three features must be present — irregular or absent periods, clinical or blood-test signs of raised androgens (such as excess hair growth or acne), and polycystic ovaries seen on ultrasound — and other conditions that can mimic PCOS, like thyroid disease, must be excluded. There is no single test, so your menstrual and symptom history, examination, blood tests, and sometimes a pelvic ultrasound are all used together.

Does PCOS increase the risk of diabetes?

Yes. PCOS is strongly associated with insulin resistance, which raises the long-term risk of type 2 diabetes, especially with excess weight. This is why doctors often check blood glucose or HbA1c and discuss diet, physical activity, and weight management as part of PCOS care. Managing the metabolic side of PCOS improves both symptoms and long-term health, and is a key reason the condition is monitored over time rather than treated as a one-off.

Can I still get pregnant with PCOS?

Yes. Many women with PCOS conceive, though irregular ovulation can make it take longer or need support. Options include lifestyle measures, medications that help ovulation, and fertility treatments if needed. If you are planning to conceive, it is worth raising this early so your doctor can tailor management, check relevant health factors, and refer you for fertility support if appropriate. PCOS is a common and treatable cause of difficulty conceiving.

What lifestyle changes help PCOS?

Because PCOS is linked to insulin resistance, a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and, where relevant, gradual weight management can improve menstrual regularity, androgen symptoms, and long-term metabolic health. Even modest weight loss can help restore more regular cycles in some women. These changes work alongside, not instead of, medical treatment. Your doctor or a dietitian can help you set realistic, sustainable goals rather than restrictive approaches that are hard to maintain.

Preparing for Appointments with PCOS

Quick answer: Track your menstrual cycle (dates, length, how regular), and note symptoms like excess hair growth, acne, hair thinning, weight changes, and mood. Bring any previous blood results and scan reports. PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is diagnosed from a combination of irregular periods, signs of raised androgens, and ovary appearance on ultrasound — and other conditions must be excluded first, so a clear history really helps.

PCOS is one of the most common hormonal conditions in women, yet it is often misunderstood and under-diagnosed. Because the diagnosis rests on a pattern — cycles, hormonal signs, and sometimes an ultrasound — the cycle and symptom history you bring is central to getting it right.

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What to Track Before Your Appointment

Menstrual cycle: dates, length, and how regular or irregular
Androgen signs: excess facial/body hair, acne, scalp hair thinning
Weight and metabolic: weight changes, and any family history of diabetes
Fertility: whether you are trying, or planning, to conceive
Previous tests: hormone bloods, glucose, and any pelvic ultrasound. A appointment notebook or cycle app helps.

How PCOS Is Diagnosed

PCOS is diagnosed when at least two of these three are present, and other causes are excluded: irregular or absent periods; signs of raised androgens (on examination or blood tests); and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Because thyroid disease and other hormonal conditions can mimic it, expect some blood tests to rule those out.

Why the Metabolic Side Matters

PCOS is linked to insulin resistance and a higher long-term risk of type 2 diabetes, so your doctor may check your blood glucose and discuss weight, diet, and activity — not to blame, but because managing the metabolic side improves both symptoms and long-term health.

Helpful for this appointment

inositol supplement — sometimes discussed for PCOS (confirm with your doctor)
appointment notebook — to track your cycle and symptoms across months

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Questions to Ask

Do my symptoms and results fit PCOS, and have other causes been excluded?
What are my options for managing irregular periods and androgen symptoms?
Should my blood sugar be checked, and how do I reduce my diabetes risk?
If I want to conceive, what support is available?
What lifestyle changes would most help me?

Regional Notes

Singapore: Managed by GPs, gynaecologists, and endocrinologists; ultrasound and hormone testing widely available.

Australia: GP-led with gynaecology/endocrinology referral; Jean Hailes and ASHA provide evidence-based PCOS resources.

United States: Managed by OB-GYN, endocrinology, or primary care; the PCOS Awareness Association offers resources.

KEY SOURCES

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Medical Disclaimer: This guide is for informational and preparation purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified medical professional for guidance specific to your situation.